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Objective: To investigate the effects of combined blockade of interleukin-33 (IL-33) and inducible co-stimulatory molecule (ICOS) on carbon tetrachloride-induced chronic liver fibrosis and imbalance of T helper lymphocyte subsets in mice. Methods: There were 40 BALB/c mice in each model and control group. Flow cytometry was used to determine the proportion of Th1/Th2/Th17 cells in the splenic lymphocyte suspension of mice, the expression levels of interferon γ, IL-4, and IL-17 in the splenic lymphocyte suspension of liver fibrosis mice after combined blockade of IL-33 and ICOS, and the pathological changes of liver histopathology in mice with liver fibrosis. Two independent sample t-test was used to compare data between groups. Results: Compared with the non-blocking group, the proportion of Th2 and Th17 cells in the IL-33/ICOS blocking group was significantly down-regulated (Th2: 65.96% ± 6.04% vs. 49.09% ± 7.03%; Th17: 19.17% ± 4.03% vs. 9.56% ± 2.03%), while the proportion of Th1 cells and Th1/Th2 ratio were up-regulated (Th1: 17.14% ± 3.02% vs. 31.93% ± 5.02%; Th1/Th2: 0.28 ± 0.06 vs. 0.62 ± 0.23), and the difference was statistically significant (t = 5.15, 6.03, 7.14, 4.28, respectively, with P < 0.05). After entering the chronic inflammation stage of liver fibrosis in mice (10 weeks), compared with the non-blocking group, the expression levels of IL-4 and IL-17 in the blockade group were significantly down-regulated [IL-4: (84.75 ± 14.35) pg/ ml vs. (77.88 ± 19.61) pg/ml; IL-17: (72.38 ± 15.13) pg/ml vs. (36.38 ± 8.65) pg/ml], while the expression of interferon γ was up-regulated [(37.25 ± 11.51) pg/ml vs. (77.88 ± 19.61) pg/ml], and the difference was statistically significant (t: IL-4: 4.71; IL-17: 5.84; interferon γ: 5.05, respectively, with P < 0.05). Liver histopathological results showed that hepatic necrosis, hepatic lobular structural disorder, and fibrous tissue hyperplasia were significantly lower in the blockade group than those in the non-blocking group at 13 weeks of liver fibrosis. Conclusion: Combined blockade of the ICOS signaling pathway and IL-33 can regulate Th2 and Th17 polarization, down-regulate the inflammatory response, and inhibit or prevent the occurrence and progression of fibrosis.
Subject(s)
Mice , Animals , Interferon-gamma/metabolism , Interleukin-17/metabolism , Interleukin-33/metabolism , Cytokines/metabolism , Carbon Tetrachloride , Th2 Cells , Interleukin-4/metabolism , Liver Cirrhosis/pathology , Th1 Cells , Th17 Cells/pathology , ImmunityABSTRACT
Five compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of Semen Persicae by using various chromatographic methods, including ODS, Sephadex LH-20, HPLC and semipreparative HPLC. Their structures were identified by 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR, HR-ESI-MS, UV, IR, circular dichroism (CD) and ECD calculation techniques: (2R,3R)-5,7,4′-trihydroxy-3′-methoxy-3-formylflavan-3-ol-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), (7R,8S)-dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl 6″-benzoyl alcohol-9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), (7R,8S)-dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol-9-β-O-D-glucopyranosid (3), 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)-phenyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), 2-[4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy]-propane-1,3-diol (5). Compound 1 and 2 are new compounds, and compounds 3-5 were obtained from Prunus davidiana (Carr.) Franch. for the first time.
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Two undescribed terpene glycosides and two compounds were isolated from the n-butanol fraction of Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus by using various chromatographic methods, including MCI Gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS, silica gel and semi-preparative HPLC. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified by spectroscopy methods (1D, 2D NMR, UV, IR, MS, etc.), and the absolute configuration of the compound 1 was determined by ECD calculation and acid hydrolysis. Compounds 1 and 2 are new compound, and compounds 3 and 4 were isolated from Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus for the first time.
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Compared with human insulin, insulin lispro shows a faster hypoglycemic effect and a higher peak plasma concentration, which can better control postprandial hyperglycemia. In this study, we used a solid phase extraction pretreatment method and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to quantify insulin lispro in rat plasma. Bovine insulin was used as an internal standard. Plasma samples were separated on an ACQUITY UPLC Peptide CSH C18 column (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) after solid phase extraction. Positive electrospray ionization was performed using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) with transitions of m/z 1 162.5→217.2 for insulin lispro and m/z 1 157.5→136.0 for insulin bovine (internal standard). The method validation results showed that the linear range was 0.1 ng·mL-1 - 100 ng·mL-1; intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision met the acceptance criteria for biological sample analysis. The recovery of insulin lispro ranged from 63.1% to 68.1%. The method was applied in a pharmacokinetic study of insulin lispro following a single-dose subcutaneous administration to rats. Animal experiments were approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
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Objective:To compare the effects of neuromuscular joint facilitation (NJF) or isotonic muscle training on dynamic and static balance in healthy young men. Methods:October, 2019, twelve students of Capital Medical University School of Rehabilitation Medicine (aged 20 to 29) were evaluated the balance indexes of single leg standing on stable support with eyes closing and single leg standing on unstable support with eyes opening with BIODEX Balance Tester, and measured 10-meter walking time and Timed 'Up and Go' Test (TUGT) after non-intervention, NJF ankle joint pattern and ankle flexion and extension. Results:The balance indexes, 10-meter walking time and TUGT were the least after NJF (F > 18.941, P < 0.01). Conclusion:NJF ankle joint model can improve the dynamic and static balance ability of human body more effectively than isotonic contraction training alone.
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Objective:To observe the effects of Kinesio Taping and kneepad on position sense of knee in healthy young adult male. Methods:In September, 2019, 20 healthy adult male aged 21 to 27 were selected. They were measured the joint angle error in angle reproduction test, and tested with functional reach test (FRT), 10-meter walking time (10MWT), and Timed "Up and Go" Test (TUGT) under follow four conditions: non-intervention, simple Kinesio Taping, simple kneepad, and both Kinesio Taping and kneepad. Results:For the angle error, it was the most under non-intervention, and the least under simple Kinesio Taping (F = 61.260, P < 0.001). For FRT, there was no significant difference among all the conditions (F = 1.793, P = 0.988). For 10MWT, it was the least under simple Kinesio Taping (F = 23.817, P < 0.001). For TUGT, it was the most under non-intervention (F = 19.865, P < 0.001). Conclusion:Kinesio Taping can improve position sense of knee, as well as walking, without further benefit along with kneepad.
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OBJECTIVE：To investigate the internal mechanism of Schisandra sphenanthera and Schisandra chinensis in determining quality by color （“color discrimination grading ”）of medicinal materials ，and to construct a qualitative identification model based on color quantization value. METHODS ：HPLC method was used to determine the contents of 6 active components from 39 batches of samples. The colorimeter was used to determine 3-color spatial value [lightness value （ΔL＊），red-green value （Δa＊），yellow-blue value （Δb＊）]. SPSS 24.0 statistical software was used to analyze the correlation between the contents of 6 active components and 3-color spatial values. Principal component analysis （PCA）was performed by using SIMCA-P 14.1 software. RESULTS：The linear range of schizandrol A ，schizandrol B ，schisandrin A ，schisandrin B ，schisandrin C ，schisantherin A were 0.204 8-2.560 0，0.049 3-0.616 3，0.098 4- 1.230 0，0.046 3-0.578 8，0.010 6-0.132 0，0.100 0-1.500 0 μg（r＞0.999 0）；RSDs of precision ，stability（12 h）and repeatability tests were all less than 3％. The recoveries were 98.14％-101.53％（RSD＝1.08％， n＝6），97.16％-101.05％（RSD＝1.54％，n＝6），98.29％-101.41％（RSD＝1.29％，n＝6），97.17％-100.36％（RSD＝1.20％，n＝ 6），97.32％-102.43％（RSD＝1.77％，n＝6）and 98.02％-100.40％（RSD＝0.84％，n＝6），respectively. Among 39 batches of components were 3.25-7.39，0.96-1.98，0.46-4.74，1.62-2.60， 0.06-0.58，0.48-6.11 mg/g，respectively. Average S. chinensis was － 80.79-－ 70.54， average Δ a ＊ was qq.com # 通 2.54-5.34，average Δb＊ was 5.20-12.83，average ΔE＊ was 71.13-81.23；average ΔL＊ of S. sphe nanthera was －75.90- －69.16，average Δa＊ was 3.77-7.82，average Δb＊ was 8.59-17.23，average ΔE＊ was 69.99-77.92. The results of relationship analysis showed that the contents of schizandrol A ，schizandrol B ，schisandrin A ，schisandrin B and schisantherin A were significantly correlated with ΔL＊，Δa＊，ΔE＊（P＜0.01），with no significant correlation with Δb＊（P＞0.05）. There was a negative correlation of the content of schisandrin C with ΔL＊ and Δa＊（P＜0.05），and there was no significant correlation with Δb＊ and ΔE＊ （P＞0.05）. Results of PCA showed that accumulative variance contribution rate of primary 2 main components was 89.8％，and S. sphenanthera and S. chinensis could be identified significantly. CONCLUSIONS ：The content of schizandrol A in S. chinensis is high relatively ，and content of schisantherin A in S. sphenanthera is high relatively. Schizandrol A ，schizandrol B and schisandrin B were not detected in S. sphenanthera . The 3-color spatial value of S. sphenanthera and S. chinensis are different ，that is ，the brightness of S. chinensis is small and the color is slant black ，while the color of S. sphenanthera is slant red and yellow. The contents of active components of S. sphenanthera and S. chinensis is related to the surface 3-color spatial values ，that is ，the darker the color is ，the weaker the red degree is ，and the higher the contents of schizandrol A ，schizandrol B ，schisandrin B and schisandrin C are ；the brighter the surface color is ，the stronger the red degree is ，and the higher the contents of schisandrin A and schisantherin A are. The established content determination method is precise and stable ，and can be used for the content determination of S. sphenanthera and S. chinensis . The color qualitative identification model can be used for the identification of S. sphenanthera and S. chinensis .
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Objective: To establish a better near infrared quantitative model for quality control of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma of components (moisture,total ash,liquiritin and glycyrrhizic acid) in liquorice,in order to realize rapid detection.Method: The contents of moisture,total ash,liquiritin and glycyrrhizic acid were determined in 97 samples based on the methods set forth in Chinese Pharmacopoeia.Meanwhile,the near infrared spectrum was scanned using near infrared spectroscope.R software was used to screen out the spectral pretreatment and build the quantitative models.Result: The optimum spectral pretreatment method for establishing the near infrared quantitative model of moisture and liquiritin was the first order derivative.For moisture,the correlation coefficients of test and validation were 0.930 0 and 0.929 9,and the root mean square errors were 0.243 2 and 0.203 8,respectively.For liquiritin,the correlation coefficients of test and validation were 0.930 3 and 0.907 6,and the root mean square errors were 0.093 9 and 0.128 9,respectively.The optimum spectral pretreatment method for establishing the near infrared quantitative model of total ash was MSC.The correlation coefficients of test and validation were 0.926 5 and 0.917 7,and the root mean square errors were 0.109 6 and 0.103 7,respectively.The optimum spectral pretreatment method for establishing the near infrared quantitative model of glycyrrhizic acid was SNV.The correlation coefficients of test and validation were 0.918 1 and 0.915 7,and the root mean square errors were 0.274 8 and 0.236 0,respectively.Conclusion: In this study,a better near infrared quantitative models for quality control of components of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma were established,with a high accuracy,which laid a foundation for rapid detection of the components in Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of MicroRNA-3963(miR-3963) on the adipogenic differentiation of mouse bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells(MSC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>MSCs were isolated from C57BL/6 mice bone fragment and transfected with miR-3963 mimic, miR-3963 inhibitor and negative control. The expression of miR-3963 and transfection efficiency were detected by q-PCR. These transfected cells were induced to adipocytes and stained with oil red O after 14 days culture. q-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of adipogenic differentiation marker genes C/EBPα and PPARγ at transcriptional level and protein level.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results of q-PCR revealed that miR-3963 expression level was up-regulated after transfection with miR-3963 mimic (P<0.0001), and down-regulated after transfection with miR-3963 inhibitor (P<0.0001). After oil red staining, overexpression of miR-3963 in MSCs could promote the formation of lipid droplet. The q-PCR and Western blot analyses showed the significant increase of expression of adipogenic marker genes C/EBPα and PPARγ in MSC transfected with miR-3963 mimic. Additionally, compared with the control group, miR-3963 inhibitor could decrease adipogenic differentiation of MSC.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>miR-3963 can regulate and promote adipogenic differentiation of mouse bone-derived MSC.</p>
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In order to solve the difficucties of renaturation and immunogenicity of new bifunctional fusion protein GAD,inclusion bodies of GAD were modified by PEG-maleimide.Conformational changes of the modified GAD were compared by circular dichroism and tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy.The biological activity was verified by oral glucose tolerance test and lipid scavenging.The results showed that PEG-maleimide completed the specific-point modification of GAD,and improved its refolding efficiency.The secondary and tertiary structures of mPEGylated GAD were consistent with that of GAD.PEG-GAD has significant hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering effects (P ＜0.001) with longer half life in vivo and lower immunogenicity (P ＜0.01).This study provides effective strategies for the development of strongly hydrophobic peptide drugs.
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A pot experiment was conducted to study effect of drought stress on leaf physiological characteristics and growth of one year old Stellaria dichotoma seedlings. The result showed that plant height and shoot dry weight significantly decreased with decrease in soil water content; however, root length and root dry weight increased at light drought stress and decreased at severe drought stress. The result also showed that with the decrease of soil water content, proline content in S. dichotoma leaves decreased then increase, while solube protein content decreased. Activities of SOD and POD in S. dichotoma leaves significantly decreased as soil water content decreased, while activity of CAT significantly decreased at severe drought stress. Membrane permeability in S. dichotoma leaves increased, while MDA content decreased then increased as soil water decreased. These results suggest that S. dichotoma had osmotic stress resistance ability and reactive oxygen scavenging capacity at light drought stress, which caused S. dichotoma growth was no inhibited at a certain extent drought stress.
Subject(s)
Droughts , Plant Leaves , Metabolism , Plant Proteins , Metabolism , Plant Roots , Metabolism , Proline , Metabolism , Seedlings , Metabolism , Stellaria , Metabolism , Water , MetabolismABSTRACT
In this study, we evaluate the influence of post surface pre-treatments on the bond strength of four different cements to glass fiber posts. Eighty extracted human maxillary central incisors and canines were endodontically treated and standardized post spaces were prepared. Four post pre-treatments were tested: (i) no pre-treatment (NS, control), (ii) sandblasting (SA), (iii) silanization (SI) and (iv) sandblasting followed by silanization (SS). Per pre-treatment, four dual-cure resin cements were used for luting posts: DMG LUXACORE Smartmix Dual, Multilink Automix, RelyX Unicem and Panavia F2.0. All the specimens were subjected to micro push-out test. Two-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc tests were performed (α=0.05) to analyze the data. Bond strength was significantly affected by the type of resin cement, and bond strengths of RelyX Unicem and Panavia F2.0 to the fiber posts were significantly higher than the other cement groups. Sandblasting significantly increased the bond strength of DMG group to the fiber posts.
Subject(s)
Humans , Aluminum Oxide , Chemistry , Composite Resins , Chemistry , Curing Lights, Dental , Classification , Cuspid , Pathology , Dental Bonding , Dental Etching , Methods , Dental Materials , Chemistry , Dental Stress Analysis , Glass , Chemistry , Incisor , Pathology , Materials Testing , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Polymerization , Post and Core Technique , Resin Cements , Chemistry , Root Canal Preparation , Methods , Self-Curing of Dental Resins , Methods , Silanes , Chemistry , Stress, Mechanical , Surface Properties , Tooth, Nonvital , TherapeuticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the genetic polymorphisms of 12 X chromosome short tandem repeat (X-STR) loci of Investigator Argus X-12 amplification kit in Guangdong Han population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>DNA samples from 200 unrelated individuals (100 males and 100 females) and 103 families (59 father-mother-daughter trios and 44 mother-son duos) were extracted and amplified with fluorescence labeled multiplex PCR system. PCR products were separated and genotyped with capillary array electrophoresis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>One hundred and thirty-seven alleles,including 9 off ladder alleles (OL allele) were observed at the 12 X-STR loci in the population. Six mutations were observed in 162 meioses. The combined power of discrimination (DP) was 0.999 999 997 in males and 0.999 999 999 in females, and the combined mean exclusion chance (MEC) was 0.999 999 988 in the trio cases and 0.999 998 013 in the duo cases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Investigator-Argus X-12 amplification system is highly polymorphic in Guangdong Han population and it is powerful for personal identification and paternity testing.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Alleles , China , Chromosomes, Human, X , Gene Amplification , Gene Frequency , Genetics, Population , Genotype , Microsatellite Repeats , Mutation , Paternity , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Methods , Polymorphism, Genetic , RecordsABSTRACT
Based on ninety three acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) which have the same mechanism of action but are different in structural characteristics, the pharmacophore model for acetylcholinesterase inhibitor was constructed by the CATALYST system. The optimal pharmacophore model with three hydrophobic units, a ring aromatic unit and a hydrogen-bond acceptor unit were confirmed (Weight = 3.29, RMS = 0.53, total cost-null cost = 62.75, Correl = 0.93, Config = 19.05). This pharmacophore model will act on the double active site of acetylcholinesterase and is able to predict the activity of known acetylcholinesterase inhibitors that are used for clinical treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and can be further used to identify structurally diverse compounds that have higher activity treating with Alzheimer's disease (AD) by virtual screening.
Subject(s)
Humans , Acetylcholinesterase , Chemistry , Metabolism , Alzheimer Disease , Cholinesterase Inhibitors , Chemistry , Classification , Therapeutic Uses , Drug Design , Models, Chemical , Models, Molecular , Molecular Structure , Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To explore the distribution and genetic pattern of heteroplasmy of mtDNA control region among Chinese Han population.@*METHODS@#The human mtDNA control region was amplified into 6 amplicons overlapped partially each other. Then these amplicons were analyzed by DHPLC which we developed to detect low heteroplasmic signals.@*RESULTS@#There were 51 heteroplasmic cases (34%) found from different tissues of 150 unrelated individuals of the Chinese Han population. mtDNA heteroplasmy shows non-uniform distribution in various tissues. The highest occurrence of heteroplasmy was in brain tissues (50/150) and myocardium (48/150), the lowest was in bone tissues (22/150). 36 sites of heteroplasmy were identified in our samples. Three sites of mtDNA heteroplasmy rarely co-existed in one individual. No sex differences were detected in the frequency of mtDNA heteroplasmy. No change in the mtDNA heteroplasmy profile was detected of blood samples from the same individuals within 2 years. Individuals older than 41 years showed a heteroplasmy frequency significantly higher than their younger counterparts. Members from the same maternal pedigree in a family can share the same sites of mtDNA heteroplasmy but may have different heteroplasmy contents at those sites.@*CONCLUSION@#DHPLC is a highly sensitive technique in detecting heteroplasmy. mtDNA heteroplasmy widely exists in the Chinese Han population. The results shown here could potentially have a guidable value in forensic individual identification and parentage testing.
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Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Asian People/genetics , Base Sequence , Blood Stains , China/ethnology , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods , DNA Mutational Analysis/methods , DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics , Genetic Heterogeneity , Hair/chemistry , Mutation , Polymorphism, Genetic/geneticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the applicability of the polymorphic marker closely linked with beta-globin gene for the preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) in couples at risk of having child with beta-thalassemia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Single cell multiplex nested PCR which coamplifies the beta-globin gene and the closely linked polymorphic marker, HumTHO1 gene, was applied in six clinical PGD cycles for four couples with beta-thalassemia.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In six clinical PGD cycles, a total of 44 embryos were biopsied and 44 blastomeres were obtained. Forty-one blastomeres were amplified and thirty-five embryos were given definite diagnoses. Fourteen embryos were transferred back to the uterus of the patients and one pregnancy went on well and ended with one live healthy birth, which confirmed the results of PGD. The average amplification efficiency of single blastomere was 89.7% and the average allele drop-out(ADO) rate was 14.4%. The coamplification of HumTHO1 could help to detect the existence of ADO and contamination.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This is the first report on unaffected pregnancy resulting from PGD using multiplex nested PCR in China. The simultaneous amplification of polymorphic marker closely linked to beta-globin gene(HumTHO1) could help to resist the risk of misdiagnosis in PGD caused by ADO and contamination.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Pregnancy , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Preimplantation Diagnosis , Methods , beta-Globins , Genetics , beta-Thalassemia , Diagnosis , GeneticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the mutations of 15 short tandem repeat (STR) loci in PlowerPlex16 System which are world-widely used in parentage testing.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Mutations of 15 STR loci in PlowerPlex16 System were investigated in 1921 parentage testing cases from Chinese population.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In 1921 parentage cases, seventy cases (3.644%) were found to have mutations. Among these were one case with double mutations (D21S11 and PentaD) and another case with two different mutations (D7S820 and D16S539) in two children. The total number of mutated STR loci observed was 72 over 3764 meiosis with a mutation rate of 0.128% +/- 0.1104% x 10(-3). The highest mutation rate was 0.292% at vWA and D21S11. No mutation was observed at TH01 or at TPOX. The mutated alleles coming from father were five times more than those from mother. The majority (98.611%) of mutated alleles were the results of one-step mutation. The ratio of one-step gain versus loss was 1.826:1. There was only one multiple-step mutation with a double-repeat gain observed at PentaD locus. In the PlowerPlex16 System, nine loci, namely D8S1179, Penta D, D13S317, D16S539, D7S820, D5S818, D3S1358, TH01 and TPOX, have lower mutation rates and are more suitable for parentage testing.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Mutation of STR is relatively common and often makes parentage testing more complicated. Selecting stable STR locus with low mutation rate is more important in parentage testing.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Alleles , Asian People , Genetics , China , Genetics, Population , Microsatellite Repeats , Genetics , Mutation , Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate nephroprotective effects of a mixture of 8 L-amino acids on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury and its effects on renal endothelin-1 (ET-1).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The mixture of 8 L-amino acids includes glycine, alanine, threonine, serine, valine, leucine, isoleucine and proline. Acute ischemic renal injury was induced by clamping renal pedicle for 45 minutes in rats. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: a sham-operated group (Group A, n=8), a control group (Group B, n=26) and an amino acid-treated group (Group C, n=26). Amino acids were infused at a rate of 1 ml x 100g(-1) x h(-1) I hour before ischemia and during 3 hours of the whole reperfusion. The serum creatinine values, BUN levels, creatinine clearance, urine sodium and potassium excretion, urine lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the rate of urine flow and histological examination were measured. Renal ET-1 levels were assayed with radioimmunological assay (RIA) RESULTS: The creatinine clearance was 471.0 microl/min+/-121.5 microl/min in Group C and 227.0 microl/min+/-27.0 microl/min in Group B 3 hours after reperfusion, P<0.01). The urine flow rate was 63.6 microl/min+/-15.2 microl/min in Group C and 24.3 microl/min+/-7.7 microl/minin Group B, P<0.01) 1.5 hours after reperfusion. The serum creatinine was 85.0 microl/min+/-7.7 micromol/L and BUN concentration 11.4 mmol/L+/-3.9 mmol/L in Group C and 112.7 micromol/L+/-19.5 micromol/L and 20.7 mmol/L+/-6.6 mmol/L respectively in Group B after 24 hours of reperfusion (P<0.05). The mean histological score by standards of Paller in kidneys was 108.7+/-15.7 in Group C, and 168.8+/-14.8in Group B (P<0.01). The renal ET-1 levels 15 minute and 3 hours after reperfusion were 7.2 pg/mg+/-0.8 pg/mg and 9.6 pg/ml+/-1.0 pg/ml in Group C, and 10.1 pg/ml+/-2.8 pg/ml and 13.0 pg/ml+/-2.7pg/ml in Group B (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The mixture of 8 L-amino acids can provide remarkable protection against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. This may associate with attenuation of renal ET-1 disorder.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Amino Acids , Pharmacology , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols , Blood Urea Nitrogen , Creatinine , Urine , Endothelin-1 , Glomerular Filtration Rate , Kidney , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase , Urine , Radioimmunoassay , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Reperfusion InjuryABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To accumulate experience for dated forensic matter analysis, for example, Mummy.@*METHODS@#DNA are extracted by methods of phenol-chloroform and are purified by Wizard DNA clean-up system. The STRs locus are ampolification with Promega Powerplus 16 system. The mtDNA hypervariable region 1 (HV1) is amplificated by '3 pair primers'. The products were sequenced with 377 DNA sequencer.@*RESULTS@#The STRs locus very distinctness and mtDNA sequence is correct.@*CONCLUSION@#It is a valuable method for special forensic matters.